USING THE ORIGINAL LAND SURVEY NOTES TO RECONSTRUCT PRESETTLEMENT LANDSCAPES IN THE AMERICAN WEST

Abstract


Rectangular surveys completed between 1796 and 1925 by the General Land Office have frequently been used in the eastern and central U.S. to determine land cover prior to European settlement. These survey notes are less often used in the western U.S., although they are the only site-specific presettlement records available in many areas. Recent efforts to restore riparian and grassland habitats require an understanding of the conditions of these sites before settlement. General Land Office Survey notes provide a description of each township, including water supplies, timber resources, and agricultural potential. The width and course of rivers and streams were recorded on survey lines, along with notes on topography, vegetation, wetlands, mineral deposits, and soils. The township and section descriptions may be used with other historic information to reconstruct presettlement landscapes. Incomplete or vague descriptions, land use before survey, bias in recording data, and contract fraud limit the usefulness of some survey notes. However, survey notes have proved useful in establishing baseline conditions of riparian habitats in Colorado and Oregon and grasslands in Colorado and New Mexico.

http://www.jstor.org/stable/41712590?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

A Day in the Life - Civil Engineer

PROPUESTA DE PROYECTO: GRANDES EDIFICIOS DE BUENOS AIRES

La Ciudad de Buenos Aires, una de las más importantes y bellas de Latinoamérica, cuenta con hermosos edificios a pesar de su corta historia. No por nada la llaman la París de América. Y ahora también cuenta con destacados rascacielos modernos. ¿Los conocemos? ¿Qué sabemos de su historia, de sus características, de la época en que fueron construidos, de quiénes los construyeron y cómo?

Este proyecto trata sobre conocer y hacer conocer por otros los edificios más emblemáticos e importantes de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires con el detalle adicional de que será hecho en inglés.

Nuestro objetivo es participar de una muestra internacional a realizarse en Chicago a fin de año (fecha estimada: 2-12-2016), en la cual exhibiremos el trabajo realizado.




ETAPA 1 - AGOSTO-SEPTIEMBRE (16-09-2016)

1 - IDENTIFICACIÓN DE EDIFICIOS

2 - FORMACIÓN DE TRES GRUPOS, CADA UNO DE LOS CUALES SE OCUPARÁ DE DETERMINADA CANTIDAD DE EDIFICIOS QUE SERÁN DISTRIBUIDOS EN FORMA CONSENSUADA (CADA GRUPO ELEGIRÁ QUÉ EDIFICIOS DESEA INVESTIGAR).
- Cada grupo determinará su metodología de trabajo.
- En todos los casos el trabajo de cada grupo deberá contar con tres elementos: gráfico, descriptivo objetivo, descriptivo subjetivo, digital.

3 - REALIZACIÓN DE SIMULACROS.
Los avances del trabajo se observarán cada semana, oportunidad en la que se resolverán problemas, se evacuarán dudas y se revisarán las pautas de trabajo. Asimismo se harán simulacros en los que cada grupo practicará sobre la presentación de su parte del trabajo y se verificará el empleo de los conocimientos idiomáticos que se vayan adquiriendo.

ETAPA 2 - SEPTIEMBRE (23-09-2016)- OCTUBRE - NOVIEMBRE

4 - PRESENTACIÓN DE 1 CARPETA BORRADOR - ELEMENTOS DESCRIPTIVOS OBJETIVOS Y SUBJETIVOS.

En esta etapa se buscará dar coherencia al trabajo de los tres grupos, poniendo especial atención a los aspectos idiomáticos, ya que todo estará redactado en inglés.

5 - PRESENTACIÓN DE ELEMENTOS GRÁFICOS. PREPARACIÓN DE LOS ELEMENTOS DIGITALES

Los elementos gráficos irán acompañados de un texto para su descripción. Todo el material deberá ser digitalizado en formato PDF.

6 - PREPARACIÓN DE LA PRESENTACIÓN AGRUPADA DE TODOS LOS TRABAJOS. MATERIAL FINAL. SIMULACRO FINAL.







Twitter: @Graciela_Maleh

Torre YPF

Figures

Height: Architectural 160 m / 525 ft
Height: To Tip 160 m / 525 ft
Floors Above Ground 36
Floors Below Ground 3
# of Elevators 12
Tower GFA 75,112 m² / 808,499 ft²

Facts

Official Name Torre Repsol YPF
Other Names Torre YPF
Structure Type Building
Status Completed
Country Argentina
City Buenos Aires
Street Address & Map Macacha Güemes 515
Building Function office
Structural Material concrete
Completion 2008


Regional Ranking #27 Tallest in South America
National Ranking #7 Tallest in Argentina
City Ranking #7 Tallest in Buenos Aires

Companies Involved

Owner/Developer Repsol YPF
Architect
• Design Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects
Structural Engineer
• (not specified) Leslie E. Robertson Associates
MEP Engineer
• (not specified) WSP Flack + Kurtz

About Torre Repsol YPF

With its prismatic form, clean lines and dramatic winter garden, the new headquarters for Repsol-YPF—one of the world’s top energy companies—is a dignified corporate symbol and a modern landmark for Buenos Aires. The tower is also the tallest office building in Argentina.

The Torre YPF stands apart from the busy streets and avenues of Buenos Aires, its full height visible from all sides. Located on the edge of the stylish neighborhood of Puerto Madero and visible from the historic Plaza de Mayo, the tower is the easternmost structure before the open space of Costanera Sur (the Buenos Aires ecological reserve) and the broad waters of the Rio de la Plata.

The tower’s form is composed of two volumes generated from the interlocking shapes of a triangle and a square, rotated 45-degrees from one another and extruded skyward. The result is two distinct towers pressed together in a single, unified composition. The floor plates of each tower press outward in a gentle curve, causing the glass-and-steel skin to appear stretched across the building’s surface and heightening its delicate sense of thinness.

While the two interlocking towers share an aesthetic spirit, they are subtly differentiated. The triangular tower, reminiscent of a ship’s prow, tilts toward the river, while the square tower leans toward the city. The triangular tower is nearly all glass and has a lightly reflective finish and fine pattern of horizontal lines that accentuates its sense of volume. The square tower, on the other hand, has a more urban expression, with a grid of stainless steel panels surrounding square panels of glass.

The tower’s most distinctive feature is its six-story winter garden, located in the corner of the square tower near, but not quite at, the top. The winter garden has an emblematic presence on the façade, like a logo or a sign. Several large trees occupy the space, and at night, lit from within and visible from afar, the winter garden is a symbol for clean energy and Buenos Aires’ natural setting

TEST RESULTS - 1st quarter

Scapolla, Mauro - 9
Malmierca, Facundo - 9.5
Condori, Facundo - 7
Salvatierra, Gastón - 9.50
Barrera, Lucas - 9.50
Verdi, Nicolás - 10
Silva, Luis - 8
Torrez García, Daniel - 4
Medina, Mirko Damián - 7
Scatilazzi, Agustín - 6
Arauco, Marino - 8
Ybañez, Nicolás - 4
Cáceres, Iván - 7.50
Escalera, Agustín - 9
Silva, Enrique - 6
Urrutia, Sofía - 8
Rodríguez, Sebastián - 7.50

CLOSING THE INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT GAP FOR AMERICA'S ECONOMIC FUTURE

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Infrastructure is the backbone of the U.S. economy and a necessary input to every economic output. It is critical to every nation’s prosperity and the public’s health and welfare. Each Failure to Act study demonstrates that deteriorating infrastructure, long known to be a public safety issue, has a cascading impact on our nation’s economy, impacting business productivity, gross domestic product (GDP), employment, personal income, and international competitiveness.

The 2016 Failure to Act analysis indicates that the overall infrastructure gap has grown relative to the initial reports. However, recent federal, state and local investments are stabilizing the gap and moderating the potential economic losses from growing more significantly.

SEE THE PICTURES AND LOOK FOR NEW VOCABULARY
READ THE PARAGRAPHS IDENTIFY VERBS AND TENSES - DO NOT TRANSLATE, TRY TO UNDERSTAND WHAT IT IS SAID. (QUESTIONS TO COME!)

How are Drones Changing the Face of Construction?

The future is here and drones are already changing the way we do construction. Many construction sites across the country are utilizing drones to help with project management. They provide real-time data, 3-D scans, project support and much more! They can also provide images for documentation, and most importantly monitor safety and security.

http://www.godfreyhoffman.com/new-employee-blog/how-are-drones-changing-the-face-of-construction